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Gothic Art And Architecture
 Early Gothic. This first phase lasted from the Gothic style's inception in 1120-50 to about 1200. The combination of all the aforementioned structural elements into a coherent style first occurred in the ÃŽle-de-France (the region around Paris), where prosperous urban populations had sufficient wealth to build the great cathedrals that epitomize the Gothic style. The earliest surviving Gothic building was the abbey of Saint-Denis in Paris, begun in about 1140. Structures with similarly precise vaulting and chains of windows along the perimeter were soon begun with Notre-Dame de Paris (begun 1163) and Laon Cathedral (begun 1165). By this time it had become fashionable to treat the interior columns and ribs as if each was composed of a bunch of more slender parallel members. A series of four discrete horizontal levels or stories in the cathedral's interior were evolved, beginning with a ground-level arcade, over which ran one or two galleries (tribune, triforium), over which in turn ran an upper, windowed story called a clerestory. The columns and arches used to support these different elevations contributed to the severe and powerfully repetitive geometry of the interior. Window tracery (decorative rib-work subdividing a window opening) was also gradually evolved, along with the use of stained (colored) glass in the windows. The typical French early Gothic cathedral terminated at its eastern end in a semicircular projection called an apse.
Category: Gothic Architecture
Sustainable architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Sustainable Energy K2 sustainable apartments in Windsor, Victoria , Australia by Hansen Yuncken (2006) features passive solar design , recycled and sustainable materials, photovoltaic cells , wastewater treatment , rainwater collection and solar hot water . The passivhaus standard combines a variety of techniques and technologies to achieve ultra-low energy use. Energy efficiency over the entire life cycle of a building is the most important single goal of sustainable architecture. Architects use many different techniques to reduce the energy needs of buildings and increase their ability to capture or generate their own energy. Heating, Ventilation and Cooling System Efficiency The most important and cost effective element of an efficient heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a well insulated building . A more efficient building requires less heat generating or dissipating power, but may require more ventilation capacity to expel polluted indoor air . Significant amounts of energy are flushed out of buildings in the water, air and compost streams. Off the shelf , on-site energy recycling technologies can effectively recapture energy from waste hot water and stale air and transfer that energy into incoming fresh cold water or fresh air. Recapture of energy for uses other than gardening from compost leaving buildings requires centralized anaerobic digesters . Site and building orientation have a major effect on a building’s HVAC efficiency.
Category: Sustainable Architecture
Renaissance -- Symmetry, Shape, Size
 The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective A look at how the merging of art and science during the Renaissance affected mathematical perspective, art, and architecture, plus an exploration of Galileo's work in astronomy and physics. Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Section Puzzles, games, and explanations of the mathematical principles used during the Renaissance in art, architecture, and music. History of Mathematics Archive This searchable resource includes biographical and historical information on mathematicians and principles that came into vogue during the Renaissance. A Selection of Renaissance Music Links to biographical information about and recordings of Renaissance composers.
Category: Renaissance Architecture
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Archive for 'Architecture' 7 Abandoned Wonders of the European Union: From Deserted Castles Retrofuturistic Factories The European Union may appear on the surface to be a unified body but underneath each member country retains a unique and complex history.
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